Summarizing the journal article
SUMMARIZING THE JOURNAL ARTICLE
Designing English Materials for
Teaching Speaking
By using Role Play to Grade XI
Students
Of Senior High Schools
Adif Setiyoko
Abstract : This journal was made by adapting Jolly
and Bolitho’s model in Tomlinson (1998). The aim of this journal was made are: 1)
to describe the target needs of grade XI students in senior high school, 2) to
describe the learning needs of grade XI students in senior high school, and 3)
to develop speaking materials for grade
XI students in senior high school appropriately. The steps of this journal
consist of conducting needs analysis, designing the course grid, developing the
first draft of the materials, evaluating the first draft through expert
judgment, and revising it based on the expert feedback . the subject of this study were 32 grade XI
students at one of senior high school in Klaten,Central Java. Then, They’re
asked to fill the questionaire, There
were two types of questionnaire used to collect the data. The first one was
distributed to get the data for the needs analysis while the second one was
used to get the data for the materials evaluation through the expert judgment
process.The expert give the scale of each item for the questonaire and it was
analysed quantitively by using descriptive statistic. The result of the study
revelaed that the students needs were able to communicate also speak in english, easlily understanding kinds of information as they learned english,
improving their abilty to speak and also communicate in english. And this study revelaed that the students find the
diffiulties in using the grammar rightly when speaking and writing english. to enrich also to improve their vocabulary and grammars, the students
prefer task in the form of text and dialogue as material input, practicing
activities related to the grammar and repeating after the teacher.
Introduction
Language has big role for our life, it
has many functions, some of them are, language can build the intelegency of
linguistic. It’s related to abilty for using system and function of language to
process words, sentences, argumentation,description,naration,analysis also the
ablity for using kind of languages appropriately. Thus we can create new creativity
in various forms and linguistc function.Second, language is one of medium to express ourselves, for
example, to admit our feelings to others, it can be haapy, sad, dissappoint,
angry, or love. Third, as social control, it takes a role to control
communication, therefore, people who get involved can easily understand each other.
Especially for
english as international langsuage, as mother tongue in many coutries global
use of english is growing rapildy for communication among speakers. Why do people should have good ability in
english? It helps them to build a good communicative interaction in many
aspects, such as working together, doing a business, studying abroad and
socializing. People also use English to acquire information and to participate
in any kinds of activities in the global era, from mastering english we can
get chance and opportunity to increase
our potential and our value, also for
students, it has an important role in
helping the students acquiring further knowledge. So, The urge for mastering
speaking should be given full attention by the teachers .
There are many teaching methods which can be
used for english teacher, one of the method used to teach speaking of sudents,
it’s based on role play in activites. The researcher witnessed an interesting
phenomenon while doing PPL (Teaching Practicum) in one of senior high schools
in Klaten, Central Java. During the program, the researcher planned to use role
play based activities to teach speaking to the students. It’s interesting
because the students were paying attention fully to the process of teaching and learning and
they were enthusiactic about playing the role play which can be considered that
that’s the effective way to improve their abilty in speaking.
Ladousse
(1997: 14) states that role playing (dramatization) helps to bring the language
to life and to give the learners some experience of its use as a means of
communication. Therefore, the main purpose is to develop communication
situation. Based on the background of the problem, identification of the
problems, and limitation of the problems, this study formulates the following
problems:
1. What are
the learning needs of grade XI students of senior high school to improve their
speaking skills?
2. What are
the target needs of grade XI students of senior high school to improve their
speaking skills?
3. What are the appropriate speaking materials
for grade XI students of senior high school to improve their speaking skills?
RESEARCH METHOD
The research was
began with 32 XI Grade Students at one of Senior High Schools in Klaten,
Central Java, they’re involved to fill the analysis questionaire. It is
consisted of the number of question which aimed to find the needs of Grade XI
students for learning english. It has purpose to get the target needs of grade
XI students as reference in designning the role- play based learning materials,
The questionnaires had been developed in accordance with the principle of needs
analysis proposed by Hutchinson and Waters (1987:55) that cover the target
needs. Target needs are what the learner need to do in the target situations.
According to Hutchinson and Waters (1987: 55-56), there are three kinds of
target needs which are: necessities, lacks, and wants. The results of target
needs were considered as the basis for developing the speaking materials.
FINDING AND DISCUSISION
From the
research thas has been done, it’s revealed difficulties in using grammar
rightly when speaking. To overcome this condition, developed materials has
provided Grammar Focus, this section consists of using such expresions followed
by the number of activities, which is related to the target competences. This
section aimed to increase students understanding of using grammar rightly due
to target competences. Also other difficulty that has been found is from tstudent’s
proficiency level, the students haven’t yet communicated in daily and
particular context fluently. In the terms of speaking activities most students
choose to do dialogues to improve speaking, and have the preparation to take
play-role also for learning grammar, and for learning prounciation accracy the
students prefer to repeat after their teacher spoke up.
Acccording to
research,they hoped that they could be able to write english well. To help them to achieve their goal, developed
materials were designed to the them to make input text, for the length spoken
was more thean 250 words which is
correlated to daily life expresions and
also comunicative purpose. Nunan (2004: 47) defines input as the spoken,
written, and visual data that learners work with in the course of completing
task.
In the terms
of the kind of inputs for the speaking activities, the students choose texts
related to the theme. Most of the students also agreed that the kind of
materials input to help them learning was dialogues. Nunan (2004:52) states
that procedures mean what learners will actually do with the input in the
learning materials that forms the point of departure for the learning
activities/tasks.
After
analyzing the needs of XI grade student, the researcher developed a course
grid. It’s a guidance in developing the materials, it consists of the number of
units, titles, the core competences and basic competences, indicators, language
functions, learning activities and also sources and media, there are 3 units in
developed materials, each unit cocsisted of 14-16 tasks which contained
different topic and language function to learn and consited of indtroduction
mainlesson, and reinforcement The topic
and the language function learned in the materials were developed based on the
basic competence 3.1, 4,1, 3.2, 4.2, 3.3, 4.3 of curriculum 2013 which each
unit consisted of three main parts, there are introduction, main lesson and
reinforcement.
The
next process is evaluating,it’s done if the process of evauation distributing
materials evaluation or expert judgement questionaire to the material expets
which was adapted by Instrumen Penilaian Coursebook Bahasa Inggris, The
questionnaire covered four aspects which were the appropriateness of the
content, the appropriateness of the language, the appropriateness of the
presentation, and the appropriateness of the graphic/layout. The last, the expert
gave suggestions and feedback, the revisions had been done based on it.
Conclusion
Belongs to the Student’s needs to
improve their english, this research try to solve the problem emegred in
process teaching and learning.from the analysis which has been done, there are 2
solutions from the background problems : The English Learning materials and the
method used in the classroom.
Based on the English learning
materials, the most effective way for partciular group learners are writting,the
developed learning materials by following a number of procedures :conducting
the needs analysis, designing the course grid, developing the materials,
evaluating the materials through expert judgments and writing the final draft
of the materials based on the expert judgment evaluation.
Based on method for teaching which
used in classroom, teacher’s expected to build good atmopshere in teaching,like
being more communicative and interactive , for example do role play, According
to Blatner (2009), role play helps students to becomes interested and involved,
especially by applying knowledge to action, by solving problems, valuating
alternatives and looking for original solution, thus,it can increase the
stundent’s abilty of speaking and it can make students get intereacted in
clasroom.
Based on
result of questionaire, findings and discusion, the students’ view about what they need are: (1) be able to communicate in English both spoken
and written in the daily life and understand any kind of information. (2)
students’ proficiency level was able to communicate in the daily context and in
a particular context but they were not really fluent and find difficulties in
using accurate grammar when speaking. And (3) by learning English especially
speaking skill, most of the students wanted to be able to improve their
speaking in English in the daily contexts and improve their fluency.
The findings of the research reveal
the learning needs of the grade XI students of senior high school are: (1) In
terms of input, most of the students preferred texts in form of dialogue which
was more than. 250 words. (2) Most of the students wanted to have preparation
before they do the roleplay. (3) For grammar activities, most of the students wanted
to do practice activities related to the tenses and grammar. (4) For
pronunciation activities, most of the students preferred to repeat after the
teacher in order to improve their pronunciation accuracy.
The last, developing role play based
speaking,the materials were developed by considering the theories and analysis
of target needs and learning needs and were revised through the expert
judgment. The materials produced by this research was formulated into a
course grid, the first draft of the
materials and the final draft of the materials. The materials
consisted of three units; the topic
of the units were related to the basic competences of 2013
curriculum.
Refferences
Badan Standar Nasional Pendidikan,
2007. Penilaian Buku Teks Pelajaran Bahasa Inggris Sekolah Menengah Atas/Madrasah
Aliyah. Jakarta: Kemendikbud
Harmer, J. 2007. The Practice of
English Language Teaching.England: Pearson Education Limited.
Hutchinson, T & Waters, A. 1987.
English for Specific Purposes: A learning-centered approach.Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press.
Ladousse, G. P. 1987. Role Play.Oxford:
Oxford University Press
Nunan, D. 2004. Task-Based Language
Teaching.New York: Cambridge University Press
Tomlinson, B. 1998. Materials
Development in Language Teaching.New York: Cambridge University Press.
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